Glossary and Notes for Story II
     click on words in Latin text



De                
dē, prep.+abl.: concerning, about



mirabile        
mīrābĭlis, -e adj.: extraordinary, strange, singular



certacione     
certātĭo, -ōnis, f.: a contending; a combat, strife, contest
The original t may be changed to c in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


inter               
inter prep.+acc.: between



spiritum        
spīrĭtus, -ūs, m.: a spirit



et                    
et conj.: and



viuentem      
vīvo, -ere, vixi, victum: to live
Often in Latin, a v is represented by a u. In this instance, we’re lucky enough to get both in the same word! Translate as “a living one.” Its opposition with spiritum places additional importance on the fact that this is a ghostly encounter. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



tempore       
tempus, -oris, n.: time, period



regis              
rex, rēgis, m.: king



Ricardi          
Ricardus, -i, m.: Richard
See Commentary note below line 1-2 in tempore regis Ricardi Secundi


secundi        
sĕcundus, -a, -um: the second      


  
Dicitur           
dīco, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to say



quod              
quod, conj.: that



quidam         
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain



scissor           
scissor, -ōris, m.: a tailor
See Commentary note below line 3 scissor


cognomine   
cognōmen, -ĭnis, n.: a name


[blank]
This missing word is most likely relating to the name of the scissor.
See Commentary note below line 3 [blank]


Snawball       
Snawball, indecl, m.: Snawball (surname)
This name comes from the Old English words “snaw” meaning “snow” and “ball” meaning “bald”. Snowball is the common modern English translation of this name. (surnamedb.com)
See Commentary note below line 3 Snawball


equitando     
ĕquĭto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to ride
This is an ablative gerund modifying remeauit.


remeauit       
rĕmĕo, -āre, -āvi: to go or come back, to turn back, return


ad                   
ad, prep.+acc.: to, toward



domum         
dŏmus, -ūs and -i, f.: a house, home



suam             
sŭus, -a, -um: his own



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



ampilforth    
Ampilforth, indecl, n.: Ampleforth, a village in North Yorkshire
See Commentary note below line 4 Ampleforth


quadam        
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain



nocte             
nox, noctis, f.: night



de                   
dē, prep.+abl.: from, down from



Gillyng         
Gillyng, indecl. n.: Gilling East, a village in North Yorkshire
See Commentary note below line 4 Gillyng


et                    
et conj.: and



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in, on



via                  
vĭa, -ae, f.: road



audiuit           
audĭo, -īre, -īvi or -ii, -itum: to hear



quasi              
quăsĭ adv.: as if, just as, as it were



sonitum        
sŏnĭtus, -ūs, m.: a noise, sound, din
direct object of audiuit


anates [corr. from anas se lauans]           
ănăs, ănătis, f.: the duck
anantes [s]e lauantes - “ducks bathing themselves;” a strange sign for a spirit to take on, especially since all other forms of the spirit are far more terrifying. The paulopost suggests that the ducks didn’t suddenly transform into the raven. Why the author chose to include this is questionable.
See Commentary note below line 5 [corr. from se lauans]

[s]e [corr. from anas se lauans]                
-, sŭi, sĭbi, sē, sē: reflex. pron.: -self, himself



lauantes [corr. from anas se lauans]
lăvo, -āre, -āvi, lautum: to wash, bathe



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



torrente        
torrens, -entis, m.: a torrent



et                    
et conj.: and



paulopost     
paulopost adv.: just after, a little after



aspexit           
aspĭcĭo, -ere, -spexi, -spectum: to behold, see



quasi              
quăsĭ adv.: as if, just as, as it were



coruum         
corvus, -i, m.: a raven



circa               
circā, prep.+acc.: around, about



faciem           
făcĭes, -ēi, f.: face



suam             
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their own



volantem      
vŏlo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to fly
participle which agrees with coruum


et                    
et conj.: and



descendentem
dēscendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to descend, sink down
participle which agrees with coruum


vsque             
usquĕ, adv.: all the way to



ad                   
ad, prep.+acc.: to, toward



terram          
terra, -ae, f.: earth, ground



alis                 
āla, -ae, f.: wing



suis                
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their own



concucientibus
concŭtĭo, -ere, -cussi, -cussum: to shake violently; to strike together
alis suis concucientibus - ablative absolute


solum           
sŏlum, -i, n.: the ground
direct object of concucientibus in ablative absolute


quasi             
quăsĭ adv.: as if, just as, as it were



deberet        
dēbĕo, -ēre, -ui, -itum: to owe, ought, must



mori             
mŏrĭor, -īrī, mortŭus sum: to die



Qui            
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
referring to the tailor


scissor          
scissor, -ōris, m.: a carver, cutter medieval latin: tailor



de                   
dē, prep.+abl.: from, down from



equo              
ĕquus, -i, m.: a horse



suo                 
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their own



descendit      
dēscendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to descend, dismount



ut                   
ut conj.: so that, in order that



caperet          
căpĭo, -ere, cēpi, captum: to seize, catch, capture
in a purpose clause with ut. The tailor is most likely not interested in the raven, but wants to remove it from the road.

coruum         
corvus, -i, m.: a raven



et                    
et conj.: and



interim          
intĕrim, adv.: meanwhile, in the meantime

vidit               
vĭdĕo, -ēre, vīdi, vīsum: to see



sintillas          
scintilla, -ae, f.: a spark
scintillas. The c has been omitted


ignis               
ignis, -is, m.: fire



spargentes    
spargo, -ere, -si, -sum: to cast, hurl, or throw about, scatter
participle which agrees with sintillas

de                   
dē, prep.+abl.: from, down from



lateribus        
lătus, -ĕris, n.: flank, side



eiusdem        
īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem pron.: the same



corui              
corvus, -i, m.: a raven



Tunc              
tunc, adv. demonstr.: then, at that time



signauit         
signo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to mark with the sign of the cross (Latham p. 439)
signauit se - "he signed himself"
See Commentary note below line 9 signauit se

se                   
-, sŭi, sĭbi, sē, sē: reflex. pron.: -self, himself



et                    
et conj.: and



prohibuit      
prŏhĭbĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to hold back, prevent, avert, keep or ward off



eum               
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing
referring back to the corui in the previous sentence


ex                   
ex prep.+abl.: out of, from, on
ex parte - “on behalf of” (Latham p.333)
See Commentary note below line 9 ex parte dei

parte              
pars, partis, f.: a part, share, behalf



dei                  
dĕus, -i, m.: god



ne                   
nē conj.: that not, lest



inferret          
infĕro, inferre, intŭli, illātum: to cause, inflict; bring
in a negative purpose clause with ne


illi                   
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that; he, she, it
dative, refers to the tailor


dampnum    
damnum (late Lat. dampnum), -i, n.: hurt, harm, damage, injury, loss
goes with aliquod


aliquod          
ălĭqui, aliqua, aliquod indef. adj.: some, any



illa                  
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that; he, she, it
agrees with vice


vice                
-, vĭcis, f.: a time, turn (late Lat.)



Qui                 
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
referring to the raven


euolauit         
ēvŏlo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to fly out or forth, to fly away



cum               
cum prep.+abl.: with



eiulatu           
ējŭlātus, -ūs, m.: a wailing, lamenting
from ejulatus, us. The original i has been changed to j in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


magno          
magnus, -a, -um: great



quasi              
quăsĭ adv.: as if, just as, as it were



spacium        
spatium, -ii, n.: space; measure; path, course, track



lapidis            
lăpis, -ĭdis, m.: a stone



† encardi †  
emitto??  eructo??
from emitto? “discharged,” goes with lapidis. "This word is a mystery to me. It seems to begin with e and ends with di. There is a mark of contraction." (MRJ)
See Commentary note below line 10 quasi spacium lapidis encardi

Tunc              
tunc, adv. demonstr.: then, at that time



iterum           
ĭtĕrum adv.: again, a second time, once more



ascendit         
ascendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to ascend, climb up, mount



equum          
ĕquus, -i, m.: a horse



suum             
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)



et                    
et conj.: and



paulopost     
paulopost adv.: just after, a little after



predictus       
praedictus, -a, -um: previously named, aforementione, preceding



coruus           
corvus, -i, m.: a raven



obuiauit        
obvĭo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum +dat.: to meet, oppose



illi                   
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that; he, she, it
referring again to the raven; dative since obuiauit takes the dative



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



volando        
vŏlo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to fly



et                    
et conj.: and



percussit       
percŭtĭo, -ere, -cussi, -cussum: to strike, beat, hit



eum               
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



latere             
lătus, -ĕris, n.: flank, side



et                    
et conj.: and



prostrauit     
prōsterno, -ere, -strāvi, -strātum: to throw down, overthrow, prostrate



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in, on



terra              
terra, -ae, f.: land, ground, soil



scissorem      
scissor, -ōris, m.: a carver, cutter medieval latin: tailor



equitantem   
ĕquĭto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to ride
Referring to the scissorem, the combination of this word as well as equo reinforces how he was riding and the raven knocked him over. This is very surprising since a raven would only weight a few pounds, but the prostrauit describes Snowball as being almost overcome by this bird.


de                   
dē, prep.+abl.: from, down from



equo              
ĕquus, -i, m.: a horse



suo                
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their own



Qui                 
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that



taliter             
tālĭter, adv.: in such wise, in such sort, so



solotenus      
solotenus, -a, -um: down to the ground (Latham p.444)



prostratus     
prōsterno, -ere, -strāvi, -strātum: to throw down, overthrow, prostrate



iacuit              
iăcĕo, -ēre, -cŭi, -cĭtum: to lie



quasi              
quăsĭ adv.: as if, just as, as it were



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



extasi             
extăsis, acc. -in; abl. -i, f.: terror, amazement



et                    
et conj.: and



exanimis      
exănĭmis, -e, adj.: half dead with fear, terrified, dismayed



valde             
valdē, intens. adv.: strongly, intensely, very, very much, exceedingly



timens           
tĭmĕo, -ēre, -ŭi: to fear, be afraid of, to dread
This, along with the other related fearing words in this sentence such as extasi and exanimis truly describe the fear the tailor is facing.


Tandem        
tandem, adv.: at length, at last, in the end, finally



resurgens     
rĕsurgo, -ere, -surrexi, -surrectum: to rise or raise one's self again

et                    
et conj.: and



constans        
consto, -āre, -stĭti, -stātum: to stand firm, to remain steadfast
See Commentary note below line 14 constans in fide


in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



fide                
fĭdes, -ĕi, f.: faith
“in faith.” Our tailor is using his religion to fight back against this foe.

pugnauit       
pugno, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to fight



cum               
cum prep.+abl.: with



eo                   
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that
referring to the raven


cum               
cum prep.+abl.: with



gladio            
glădĭus, -ĭi, m.: a sword



suo                 
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)



quousque     
quŏusquē, adv.: until what time, till when, how long



fuerat                 
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be



lassus            
lassus, -a, -um: weary, tired, exhausted



et                    
et conj.: and



videbatur      
vĭdĕo, -ēre, vīdi, vīsum: to see, pass. to seem
translate “it seemed to him”


sibi                 
-, sŭi, sĭbi, sē, sē: reflex. pron.: -self, himself



quasi              
quăsĭ adv.: as if, just as, as it were
See Commentary note below line 15 quasi percuteret terricidum more


percuteret     
percŭtĭo, -ere, -cussi, -cussum: to strike, beat, hit



t[er]ricidiu[m]
terricidium, -i, n. : turf, peat, peat stack



more           
mora, -ae, f.: moor, swamp
This is the genitive singular of “mora, -ae”. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (MRJ)

et                    
et conj.: and;  et...et: both...and



prohibuit      
prŏhĭbĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to hold back, prevent, avert, keep or ward off



eum               
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that



et                    
et conj.: and;  et...et: both...and



defendit        
dēfendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to fend or ward off; repel, avert, keep off



ex                   
ex prep.+abl.: out of, from, on
See Commentary note below line 15 ex parte dei


parte              
pars, partis, f.: a part, share, behalf
“on behalf of” (Latham p.333)


dei                 
dĕus, -i, m.: god



dicens            
dīco, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to say



Absit              
absit, interj.: God forbid (Latham p. 1)
The capitalization of this letter denotes the beginning of dialogue. Colloquially this can be translated as “God forbid,” but this is a derived translation, not a literal one. (Latham p.1)


quod              
quod, conj.: that, in that, because; though, although, albeit, even if

habeas           
hăbĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to have, hold



potestatem   
pŏtestas, -ātis, f.: power



nocendi         
nŏcĕo, -ēre, -cŭi, -cĭtum: to do harm, inflict injury, do hurt to
objective Genitive Gerund, translate with potestatem


mihi               
ĕgo, mei, mihi, mē, mē: I, me



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



hac                 
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this



vice               
-, vĭcis, f.: a time, turn (late Lat.)



sed                 
sed conj.: but



recedas        
rĕcēdo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum: to go away, withdraw, retire, depart
jussive subjunctive, “let you depart”


Qui                 
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
referring to the raven


rursus            
rursus adv.: back again, again, anew



euolauit         
ēvŏlo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to fly out or forth, to fly away



cum               
cum prep.+abl.: with



eiulatu           
ējŭlātus, -ūs, m.: a wailing, lamenting
from ejulatus, us. Often an initial i is rendered as a j. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


horribili         
horrĭbĭlis, -e, adj.: terrible, fearful, dreadful, horrible



quasi              
quăsĭ adv.: as if, just as, as it were
See Commentary note below line 17 quasi per spacium sagitte volantis


per                 
per, prep.+acc.: through, throughout, all over, all along



spacium        
spatium, -ii, n.: space; measure; path, course, track



sagitte           
săgitta, -ae, f.: an arrow
sagittae, gen. sg. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


volantis        
vŏlo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to fly



Tercia              
tertĭus,-a, -um, num. ord. adj.: the third
the third time Snowball meets the spirit; the three encounters are common in storytelling.


vero               
vērō, adv.: in truth, in fact, certainly, truly, to be sure, surely, assuredly; but

vice                
-, vĭcis, f.: a time, turn (late Lat.)



apparuit        
appārĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to come in sight, to appear, become visible



eidem             
īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem pron.: the same



scissori          
scissor, -ōris, m.: a carver, cutter medieval latin: tailor
“to that same tailor carrying” These words stretch over two clauses. The first two words are with the clause in the beginning of the sentence with the spirit as the subject. The ferenti is a participle in the second clause (in the dative because it agrees with the eidem scissori) with the tailor as the subject.


ferenti           
fĕro, ferre, tŭli, lātum: to bear, carry, bring



crucem          
crux, -ŭcis, f.: a cross
See Commentary note below line 18 crucem gladii


gladii             
glădĭus, -ĭi, m.: a sword



sui                  
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their own



super             
sŭper, prep.+acc.: over, above, on the top of, upon, on



pectus            
pectus, -ŏris, n.: the breast, chest



suum             
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)



pre                 
prae, prep.+abl.: for, because of, by reason of, on account of
Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


timore           
tĭmor, -ōris, m.: fear, dread



et                    
et conj.: and



obuiauit        
obvĭo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum +dat.: to meet, oppose



ei                    
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing
referring to the tailor since obuiauit takes the dative


in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



figura              
fĭgūra, -ae, f.: a form, shape, figure



canis              
cănis, -is, m./f.: a dog
a dog with a chain on its neck. (MRJ)


anulati          
ānŭlātus, -a, -um: chained



Quo               
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
ablative absolute “with that thing seen”


viso                 
vĭdĕo, -ēre, vīdi, vīsum: to see



scissor           
scissor, -ōris, m.: a carver, cutter medieval latin: tailor



cogitauit        
cōgĭto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to ponder, reflect upon, think



secum            
-, sŭi, sĭbi, sē, sē: reflex. pron.: -self, himself    cum prep.+abl.: with
literally, “with himself.” The tailor is considering the things that are happening to him within his own mind.


animatus       
ănĭmātus, -a, -um: endowed, courageous



in                    
in prep.+abl.: in



fide               
fĭdes, -ĕi, f.: faith



Quid                   
quis, quid inter. pron.: who? what?



de                       
dē, prep.+abl.: concerning



me                      
ego, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me



fiet                      
fīo, fĭĕri, factus sum: to be made, done; become; happen



coniurabo           
coniūro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: conjure, invoke (Latham p.107)
coniurabo...competenti - indirect command
See Commentary note below line 20-24

eum                    
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this



in                        
in prep.+abl.: in



nomine               
nōmen, nominis, n.: name



trinitatis             
trīnitas, trinitātis, f.: triad, trinity; the Holy Trinity
See Commentary note below line 20 in nomine trinitatis


et                        
et conj.: and, also



per                      
per prep.+acc.: through



virtutem             
virtūs, virtūtis, f.: strength, power



sanguinis            
sanguis, sanguinis, m.: blood
See Commentary note below line 20-21 per virtutem sanguinis Ihesu Christi de quinque plagis


Ihesu                  
Iēsus, Iēsu, m.: Jesus Christ
Iesu, Jesu, gen. sg. The h is added; an i may change to j.


Christi                
Christus, -i m.: Christ
See Commentary note below line 20-24


de                       
dē, prep.+abl.: from, of



quinque              
quinque num. card.: five



plagis                  
plāga, -ae, f.: wound



quod
quod conj.: that
This quod acts as an “ut” and sets up a purpose clause.


loqueretur
loquor, loqui, locūtus sum: to speak, tell; talk; say
this word is subjunctive since it are in the purpose clause set up by the quod.

cum
cum prep.+abl.: with

eo
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this

et
et conj.: and, also

ipsum
ipse, ipsa, ipsum pron.: himself, herself, itself

nullatenus
nullātenus adv.: not at all, by no means

lederet
laedo, -ere, laesi, laesum: to strike; hurt, injure, wound; offend, annoy
this word is subjunctive since it are in the purpose clause set up by the quod. lederet is from laedo, laedere; often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

sed
sed conj.: but

staret
sto, stāre, steti, statum: to stand
this word is subjunctive since it are in the purpose clause set up by the quod.

immobilis
immobilis, -e: immovable, fixed

et
et conj.: and, also

responderet
rēspondeo, -ere, respondi, responsus: answer
this word is subjunctive since it are in the purpose clause set up by the quod.

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

interrogata
interrogo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to ask, question, interrogate
neuter plural perfect passive participle, “the things asked”

et
et conj.: and, also

diceret
dīco, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell

ei
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this
This refers to the tailor because the spirit must be the subject of diceret, since the things which ought to be said by the subject are its name and cause of pain.

nomen
nōmen, nominis, n.: name

suum
suus, -a, -um pron. poss.: his own, her own, its own

et
et conj.: and, also

causam
causa, -ae, f.: cause, reason

pene
poena, -ae, f.: punishment
Pene is an interesting form of poenae, with both the o and the a dropping out. Sue is a form of suae. Take as genitive (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources) “of his punishment”

sue
suus, -a, -um pron. poss.: his own, her own, its own

cum
cum prep.+abl.: with

remedio
remedium, -ii, n.: remedy, cure; salvation (Latham p.400)

competenti
competēns, -entis adj.: suitable, proper

Et
et conj.: and, also

fecit
facio, -ere, fēci, factum: to make, do

ita
ita adv.: thus, so, therefore

Qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
with coniuratus, “which conjured one,” i.e. the spirit

coniuratus
coniūrātus, coniūrāti m.: one conjured, invoked (Latham p.107)

exalans
exhālo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to breathe out, exhale, evaporate
from exhalo. The h is dropped.

terribiliter
terribiliter adv.: frightfully, terribly

et
et conj.: and, also

ingemiscens
ingemisco, -ere, -ui, -itum: to groan, moan, sigh; creak

Sic
sīc adv.: thus
See Commentary note below line 24 sic et sic feci


et
et conj.: and, also

sic
sīc adv.: thus

feci
facio, -ere, fēci, factum: to do, make
introduces direct quotation of the spirit, a “dixit” needs to be added. “I did thus and thus.” The monk tends to take great pains to conceal certain pieces of information, such as the names of people and the deeds they do. Since the spirit is likely a well-known figure, it is especially important that the monk not disclose the spirit’s transgressions. He tends to keep this information secret by using words like sic and talis, “thus” and “such,” much like we today might say “so-and-so.”

et
et conj.: and, also

excommunicatus
excommūnico, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to excommunicate
perfect passive indicative verb with the spirit as the subject
See Commentary note below line 24-25 excommuunicatus...absolucionem

pro
prō prep.+abl.: on behalf of; for

tali
talis, -e: such; so great; so excellent; of such kind
"on that account" (Latham p.475)

facto
factum, -i, n.: deed, fact, act; achievement

Vadas
vādo, -ere, vāsi: to go, walk, esp. to rush, hurry

igitur
igitur adv.: therefore

ad
ad prep. +acc.: to, toward

talem
talis, -e: such; so great; so excellent; of such kind

sacerdotem
sacerdos, -ōtis, m.: priest

petens
peto, petere, petivi, petitus: seek, aim at; desire; beg
referring to Snowball who is the subject of vadas

absolucionem
absolutio, -ōnis, f.: absolution, forgiveness, acquittal
absolutio, absolutionis. The original t may be changed to c in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

pro
prō prep. +abl.: on behalf of; for

me
egō, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me

Et
et conj.: and, also

oportet
oportet, -uit v. impers.: it is right/proper; it is inevitable (Latham p.323)
me is the object of oportet which takes implere as its complementary infinitive.

me
ego, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me

implere
impleo, -ēre, -ēvi, -ētum: to complete

nouies
nouies adv.: nine times, on nine occasions

viginti
vīginti num.adj.: twenty

missas
missa, missae, f.: Mass
See Commentary note below line 25 novies viginti missas


pro
prō prep.+abl.: on behalf of; for

me
egō, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me

celebrandas
celēbrō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to celebrate, perform
gerundive, future passive participle agreeing with missas, “Masses to be celebrated”

et
et conj.: and, also

ex
ex prep.+abl.: out of, from

duobus
dŭŏ, dŭae, dŭŏ num. card.: two
refers to the two options the spirit is about to present. The first option begins with the first aut on the same line, and the second option begins with the aut preceding caro tua.

vnum
ūnus, ūna, ūnum num. card.: one

eligas
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgi, ēlectum: to pick out, choose
jussive subjunctive, implied subject is the tailor
See Commentary note below line 26-29

Aut
aut conj.: or; aut...aut: either...or

redeas
redeo, -īre, -ivi/-iī, -itum: to return, go back, give back; revert
either an optative or potential subjunctive with the tailor as the subject.

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

me
egō, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me

tali
tālis, -e: such; so great; so excellent; of such kind

nocte
nox, noctis, f.: night

solus
sōlus, -a, -um: only, alone

referens
refero, -ferre, rettuli, relātum: to bring/carry back

responsum
rēsponsum, -i, n.: answer, response

de
dē prep. +abl.: from

hiis
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this
referring to the things that the spirit wishes to know about

que
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
quae. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

dixi
dīco, dicere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell

tibi
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.

et
et conj.: and, also

docebo
doceō, -ēre, -ui, -tum: to teach, show, point out

te
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē pron. pers.: you s.

quomodo
quōmodo adv.: how, in what way; just as

sanaberis
sāno, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: cure, heal; correct; quiet
second person singular future passive indicative of sāno, -āre, -āvi, -ātum.

et
et conj.: and, also

ne
nē conj.: lest, that not
negative purpose clause

timeas
timeo, -ēre, timui: to fear, be afraid

visum
vīsus, -ūs, m.: look, sight, appearance

ignis
ignis, ignis, m.: fire
See Commentary note below line 28 ignis materialis


materialis
māteriālis, -e: material; of/related to matter                  
This translates to “material fire.”

in
in prep.+abl.: in, on, at

medio
medius, -a, -um: middle, mean

tempore
tempus, -oris, n.: time
translate as “meanwhile” (Latham p. 294)

Aut
aut conj.: or; aut...aut: either...or

caro
caro, carnis, f.: flesh

tua
tuus, -a, -um adj. poss.: your, yours

putrescet
putresco, -ere: to rot, putrefy, decay

et
et conj.: and, also

cutis
cutis, cutis f.: skin, external appearance, surface

tua
tuus, -a, -um adj. poss.: your

marcescet
marcesco, -ere, marcui: to wither, shrivel up, fade away

et
et conj.: and, also

dilabetur
dīlābor, -i, -lapsus sum: to fall apart, fall to pieces, melt away, decay

a
ā, ab prep.+abl.: from, away from

te
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē pron. pers.: you s.

penitus
penitus, -a, -um: inner, inward
"from within"

infra
infrā prep.+acc.: below, under, less than

breue
brevis, -e: short, little, small
“in a short time,” tempus is missing/assumed. (Latham p.248)

Scias
scio, -īre, -īvi, -ītum: to know
jussive subjunctive with the tailor as the subject

igitur
igitur adv.: therefore

quia
quia conj.: because

hodie
hodiē adv.: today

non
nōn adv.: not, not at all

audiuisti
audio, -īre, -īvi, -ītum: to hear, listen

missam
missa, missae, f.: Mass

neque
neque adv.: nor, and not; neque...neque: neither...nor

ewangelium
ēvangelium/euangelium, -ii, n.: good news, the Gospel
The differences in spelling of certain words, particularly within the same work, may be due to words simply being written phonetically.
See Commentary note below line 30 ewangelium Iohannis..."In principio"

Iohannis
Jōannis, -is, m.: John the Evangelist
gen. sg. The h is added; an i may change to j. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

scilicet
scīlicet adv.: certainly, of course

'In
in prep.+abl.: in
In Principo’ citing the Gospel of John 1:1

principio
principium, -ii, n.: beginning

neque
neque conj.: and not, neque...neque: neither...nor

vidisti
videō, -ere, vīdi, vīsum: to see, look at; consider; seem (in passive)
See Commentary note below line 30-31 vidisti...domini


consecracionem
consēcrātio, -ōnis, f.: consecration, dedication
consecrationem. The original t may be changed to c in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

corporis
corpus, -oris, n.: body

et
et conj.: and, also

sanguinis
sanguis, -inis, n.: blood

domini
dominus, -i, m.: lord, master; the Lord Jesus Christ

obuiaui
obvio, -āre, -āvi, -ātum +dat.: to meet

tibi
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.
dative with verb obuiaui, referring to Snowball

ad
ad prep.+acc: to, toward, at

presens
praesens, praesentis adj.: present; at hand; existing
praesens. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

alioquin
aliōquīn adv.: otherwise
sets up a contrary to fact statement

non
nōn adv.: not, not at all

haberem
habeo, -ēre, -ui, -itum: to have, hold, consider, think
subjunctive in contrary to fact construction

plenarie
plenarie adv.: fully, wholly

potestatem
potestas, -ātis, f.: power; strength, ability

tibi
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.

apparendi
appāreo, -ēre, -ui, -itum: to appear, be visible/evident
Objective Genitive Gerund, translate with potestatem. The same construction as habeas potestatem nocendi mihi in line 16

Et
et conj.: and, also

cum
cum adv.: when

loqueretur
loquor, loqui, locūtus sum: to speak, tell; talk; say
subjunctive in cum causal clause

cum
cum prep.+abl.: with

eo
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this

fuit
sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be

quasi
quasi adv.: as if, just as if, just like

igneus
igneus, -a, -um: fiery, hot; ardent

et
et conj.: and, also

conspexit
conspicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum: to observe, see; catch sight of
the spirit is the subject
See Commentary note below line 32-33

per
per prep.+acc: through

os
ōs, ōris. n.: mouth

eius
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this
agrees with the spirit

sua
suus, -a, -um adj. poss.: his own, her own, its own

interiora
intĕrĭōra, -ium n.pl.: inner, interior, middle; (substantive): intestines
used substantively to mean “intestines”

et
et conj.: and, also

formauit
formo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to form, shape, fashion, model

verba
verbum, -i, n.: word

sua
suus, -a, -um adj. poss.: his own, her own, its own

in
in prep.+abl.: in, on, at

intestinis
intestina, -ae, f.: intestines

et
et conj.: and, also

non
nōn adv.: not, not at all

loquebatur
loquor, loqui, locūtus sum: to speak, tell; talk, say

lingua
lingua, -ae, f.: tongue
ablative of means

Idem
īdem, eadem, idem pron.: the same

quidem
quidem adv.: indeed, certainly

scissor
scissor, -ōris, m.: a tailor

petebat
petō, -ere, -īvi, -ītum: to seek, aim at; desire; beg

licenciam
licentia, -ae, f.: permission, authorization (Latham p.276)
licentiam. The original t may be changed to c in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

a
ā, ab prep. +abl.: from, away from

predicto
praedictus, -a, -um: previously named, aforementioned

spiritu
spīritus, -ūs, m.: spirit, ghost

quod
quod conj.: that

poterit
possum, posse, potui: to be able, can

habere
habeo, -ēre, -ui, -itum: to have, hold, consider, think

alium
alius, alia, aliud: other, another

socium
socius, -ii, m.: servant (Latham p.443)

secum
-, suī, sibī, sē, sē pron. refl.: himself, herself, itself / cum prep.+abl.: with

in
in prep.+abl.: in, on, at

redeundo
redeō, -īre, -ivi/-ii, -itum: to return, go back
gerund, ablative in prepositional phrase with in

qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
refers to the spirit

respondit
rēspondĕo, -ēre, -di, -sum: to answer, respond

Non
nōn adv.: not, not at all, no
begins a quotation by the spirit

sed
sed conj.: but

habeas
habeō, -ēre, -ui, -itum: to have, hold, consider, think
optative subjunctive

super
super prep. +acc.: above, over; on, upon

te
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.

quatuor
quātuor num. card.: four

euangelia
euangelium, -ii, n.: good news, Gospel
See Commentary note below line 35 euangelia


euangelist
ēvangelista, -ae, m.: evangelist, writer of one of the Gospels 
from euangelista. The ’ is a scribal notation signifying an abbreviated ending. Take as a genitive plural. Evangelist, one of the writers of the Gospels

et
et conj.: and, also

titulum
titulus, -i, m.: title, label, heading; distinction, claim to fame; honor
See Commentary note below line 36 titulum triumphalem


trihumphalem
triumphālis, -e: of celebration of a triumph, triumphal
The h is added

videlicet
vidēlicet adv.: clearly, evidently

Ihesus
Iēsus, Iēsu, m.: Jesus Christ
Iesus, Jesus, nom. sg. The h is added; an i may change to j. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)

Nazarenus
Nazărēnus, -i, m.: Nazarene, of Nazareth  i.e. Christ

propter
propter prep.+acc.: on account of

duos
dŭŏ, dŭae, dŭŏ num. card.: two

alios
alius, alia, aliud: other, another

spiritus
spīritus, -ūs, m.: spirit, ghost
accusative plural with duos alios

hic
hīc adv.: in this place

commorantes
commoro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to stop, stay, remain, abide; linger

quorum
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
partitive genitive referring to the duos alios spiritus

vnus
ūnus, ūna, ūnum num. card.: one

nequit
nequeō, -īre, -īvi/-īi, -ītum: to be able, cannot

loqui
loquor, loqui, locūtus sum: to speak, tell; talk; say
present active infinitive, complementary infinitive with nequit

coniuratus
coniūrātus, coniūrāti m.: one conjured
perfect passive participle agreeing with unus quorum

et
et conj.: and, also

est
sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be

in
in prep.+abl.: in

specie
species, -ēi, f.: sight, appearance

ignis
ignis, ignis, m.: fire
genitive singular form

vel
vel conj.: even, actually; or

dumi
dūmus, -i, m.: thorn or briar bush

et
et conj.: and, also

alter
alter, -a, -um: one of two, another, the other

est
sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be

in
in prep.+abl.: in

figura
figūra, -ae, f.: shape, form, figure, image
ablative in prepositional phrase with in

venatoris
vēnātor, -ōris, m.: hunter

et
et conj.: and, also

sunt
sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be
sunt…periculosi - The sunt refers to the two spirits and periculosi modifies them. The obvia is a participle from obvio.

in
in prep.+abl.: in

obuia
obvio, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to meet

valde
valdē, adv.: greatly, very, intensely

periculosi
perīculōsus, -a, -um: dangerous, hazardous, perilous; threatening

Facias
facio, -ere, fēci, factum: to make, do
optative subjunctive with the tailor as the subject

vlterius
ultra, ulterius, ultimum adv.: beyond, further; in addition (Whitaker)

fidem
fides, fidei f.: faith, loyalty, honesty

huic
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this

lapidi
lapis, -idis, m.: stone

quia
quia conj.: that

non
nōn adv.: not, not at all

diffamabis
diffāmo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to spread news of; slander
See Commentary note below line 39 non diffamabis...pro me


ossa
ossum, ossi, n.: bone

mea
meus, -a, -um adj. poss.: my, mine

nisi
nisi conj.: unless, except

sacerdotibus
sacerdos, -dōtis, m.: priest

celebrantibus
celēbro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to celebrate, perform; frequent
present active participle with sacerdotibus, dative of indirect object

pro
prō prep.+abl.: on behalf of; for

me
egō, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me

et
et conj.: and, also

aliis
alius, alia, aliud: other, another

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

quos
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which

mitteris
mitto, -ere, mīsi, missum: to send

ex
ex prep.+abl.: out of, from, on

parte
pars, partis, f.: part

mea
meus, -a, -um adj. poss.: my, mine

qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which

possunt
possum, posse, potui: to be able

mihi
egō, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me
dative direct object with the infinitive verb prodesse

prodesse
prōsum, -desse, -fui, -futūrum: to be useful, benefit

Qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
refers to the tailor

fidem
fides, -ei, f.: faith, loyalty, honesty

fecit
facio, -ere, fēci, factum: to make, do

lapidi
lapis, -idis, m.: stone

de
dē prep. +abl.: about, concerning

hoc
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this

secreto
sēcrētum, -i, n.: secret

non
nōn adv.: not, not at all

reuelando
revēlo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to show, reveal
ablative gerund, object of the preposition de

prout
prout conj.: as, just as; exactly as

superius
superus, -a, -um: above, high; higher, upper

est
sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be

expressum
exprimo, -ere, -pressi, -pressum: to express

Demum
dēmum adv: finally, at last; at length

coniurauit
coniūro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to conjure
See Commentary note below line 41-42 coniurauit...eius


eumdem
īdem, eadem, idem pron.: same

spiritum
spīritus, -ūs, m.: spirit, ghost

quod
quod conj.: that

iret
eō, īre, īvi/īi, ītum: to go, walk; advance; pass; flow
horatory subjunctive with the spirit as the subject

vsque
usque adv.: continuously, all the way

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

hoggebek
hoggebek indecl.: Hodge Beck, river in North Yorkshire, England
See Commentary note below line 42 hoggebek


vsque
usque adv.: continuously

'ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

reditum
rĕdĭtus, -ūs, m.: a returning, return

eius
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this

Qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
refers to the original spirit

respondit
rēspondĕo, -ēre, -di, -sum: to answer, respond

Non
nōn adv.: not, not at all, no
See Commentary note below line 42-43 non. non. non.


non
nōn adv.: not, not at all, no

non
nōn adv.: not, not at all, no

eiulando
ēiulo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to wail, lament
ablative gerund, ablative of manner referring to the spirit’s response

Cui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which

scissor
scissor, -ōris, m.: a tailor

dixit
dīco, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell

Tunc
tunc adv.: then, at that time

vadas
vādo, -ere, vāsi: to go, walk; esp. rush, hurry

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

bilandbanke
bilandbanke indecl.: Brink Hill, near Byland Abbey
Brink Hill, a hill in north Yorkshire. Many names of small local places do not decline in Latin, since the places are so small that authors often do not take the time to decline them, but instead choose a single form for all functions. They may or may not be capitalized.
See Commentary note below line 43 bilandbanke

et
et conj.: and, also

letus
laetus, -a, -um: pleased, satisfied
laetus. Often in medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. This refers to the spirit who just said “No, No, No” and was referred to by the cui.

efficitur
efficiō, -ere, -fēci, -fectum: to bring about; effect

Dictus
dīco, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell

vero
vērō adv.: in truth; certainly; truly, to be sure; however

vir
vir, viri, m.: man
agrees with vir

infirmabatur
infirmo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to weaken; pass.: to be ill

per
per prep.+acc: through

aliquot
aliquot indef. indecl. num.: some, several; a few

dies
diēs, -ēi, f.: day

et
et conj.: and, also

statim
statim adv.: once, immediately after, as soon as (ut understood)

conualuit
convălesco, -ere, -lŭi: to grow strong, thrive, gain power

et
et conj.: and, also

iuit
eō, īre, īvi/īi, ītum: to go, walk

Eboꝝ 
Eborācum, -i, n.: the city of York.  The scribal notation ꝝ indicates -rum, the gen. pl.
this appears to be a shortened form of Eboracum, a Roman province which becomes York. (York Museums Trust)
See Commentary note below line 44 Eboꝝ

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

predictum
praedictus, -a, -um: previously named, aforementioned

presbiterum
presbyter, presbyteri, m.: elder, presbyter in Christian church; priest
presbyterum. The i and y are sometimes interchangeable, perhaps because the Byland monk was writing phonetically and borrowed the υ (y) from Greek.
See Commentary note below line 45 presbiterum

qui
qui, quae, quod pron. rel.: who, which

dudum
dūdum adv.: little while ago; formerly

excommunicauit
excommūnicō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to excommunicate

eum
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this
This refers to the spirit that initially met the tailor in the beginning of the story.



petens
petō, -ere, -īvi, -ītum: to seek, aim at; desire; beg

absolucionem
absolūtiō, -ōnis, f.: absolution

Qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
referring to the presbiterum earlier in the line



renuit
renuo, -ere, renui, rentum: to refuse; disapprove; decline

absoluere
absolvo, -ere, -solvi, -solūtum: to absolve

eum
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this
Just like the eum in the previous line, this word refers to the initial spirit.



vocans
vocō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to call

sibi
-, sui, sibi, sē, sē pron. refl.: himself, herself, itself

alium
alius, alia, aliud: other, another

capellanum
capellanus, -i, m.: chaplain, fully ordained priest (Latham p.68

ipsum
ipse, ipsa, ipsum pron.: himself, herself, itself
refers to alium capellanum. It emphasizes the fact that the priest is bringing additional help for this absolution.


consulendo
consulō, -ere, -ui, -tum: to consult, consider
gerund, dative of purpose



At
at conj.: but

ille
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that, that one, he, she, it
refers to the first priest, the presbiterum, in the line above



vocauit
vocō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to call

adhuc
adhuc adv.: yet, still

alium
alius, alia, aliud: other, another

et
et conj.: and, also

alius
alius, alia, aliud: other, another

tercium
tercium num. ord.: third
a third called-upon priest to help in this ordeal



de
dē prep.+abl.:  about, concerning

absolucione
absolutio, -ōnis, f.: absolution
absolutione. The original t may be changed to c in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


huius
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this
refers to the spirit



musitantes
mussito, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to mutter, whisper
See Commentary note below line 47 musitantes


Cui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
refers to the predictum presbiterum



primo
prīmō adv.: at first

dixit
dīco, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell

scissor
scissor, -ōris, m.: a tailor

Domine
dominus, -i, m.: lord
vocative directed to the predictum presbiterum whom the tailor approaches concerning the spirit’s absolution. It is very unlikely that this refers to God since he responds at the end of the line.


scitis
sciō, -īre, -īvi, -ītum: to know
spoken by the tailor, subject is Domine



intersigna
intersignum, -i, n.: a token, countersign (Latham p.256)
See Commentary note below line 48 intersigna


que
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
quae. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



suggessi
suggero, -ere, -essi, -estum: to suggest, furnish

in
in prep. +abl.: in

auribus
auris, auris, f.: ear

vestris
vester, vestra, vestrum possess. adj.: your pl.
plural “your;” it is used to address a single person, perhaps to show reverence



Qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
refers to the predictum presbiterum



respondit
rēspondĕo, -ēre, -di, -sum: to answer, respond

Vere
vērē, adv.: really, truly, actually, indeed

fili
fīlius, -ii m.: son, child, offspring
vocative referring to Snowball. The priest is using this word to denote the father/son relationship found in the church.


Tandem
tandem adv.: at last

post
post prep.+acc.: after

varios
varius, -a, -um: different; various, diverse; changing

tractatus
tractātus, -ūs, m.: conference, discussion (Latham p.488)

inter
inter prep.+acc.: between, among

partes
pars, partis, f.: consel, advocate (Latham p. 133)

isdem
īdem, eadem, idem pron.: same

scissor
scissor, -ōris, m.: a tailor

satisfecit
satisfacio, -ere, -fēci, -factum: to satisfy, make amends

et
et conj.: and, also

soluit
solvō, -ere, solvi, solutum: to loosen, release; pay (Latham p.444)

quinque
quinque num. adjd.: five

solidos
solidus, -i, m.: shilling (Latham p. 444)
See Commentary note below line 49-50 quinque solidos


et
et conj.: and, also

recepit
recipio, -ere, -cēpi, -ceptum: to receive

absolucionem
absolutio, -ōnis, f.: absolution

inscriptam
inscrībo, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptum: to write on/in; inscribe; record
refers to absolucionem



in
in prep.+acc.: into, onto

quadam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain

cedula
schedula, -ae, f.: a small leaf of paper

adiuratus
adiūro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to swear by; affirm with oath
See Commentary note below line 50-51 adiuratus...secrete


quod
quod conj.: that

non
nōn adv.: not, not at all

diffamaret
diffamō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to spread news of; slander

mortuum
mortuus, -a, -um: dead, deceased

sed
sed conj.: but

infoderet
infodio, -ere, -fōdi, -fossum: to bury, inter

illam
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that
refers back to the absolution written on the cedula



in
in prep. +abl.: in

sepulcro
sepulcrum, -i, n.: grave, tomb

suo
suus, -a, -um adj. poss.: his own, her own, its own

penes
penes prep.+acc.: near to (Latham p.339)

caput
caput, -itis n.: head

eius
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this
genitive with caput



secrete
sēcrētē adv.: secretly

Qua
qui, quae, quod pron. rel.: who, which

accepta
accipio, -ere, -cēpi, -ceptum: to take, receive, accept, undertake
qua accepta - ablative absolute



ibat
eō, īre, īvi/īi, ītus: to go, walk; march, advance; pass; flow

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

quendam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain

fratrem
frāter, frātris, m.: brother; monk, clergyman

Ric
Ric. indecl.: likely an abbreviation of Richard, Rick, etc; first name
name, perhaps an abbreviation for Richard. It makes no sense for this to be the end of the sentence so disregard the period after his name. Likely this is a name following the common pattern “Name de Place,” or perhaps “Name de Family.”
See Commentary note below line 52 Ric. de Pikeri[n]g

de
de prep. +abl.: from, of

Pikeri[n]g
Pikering indecl.: a church at Pickering, east of Byland Abbey
“Pikering” name of a town far east of Byland Abbey. In this context Ric. is from the church in Pickering.


nobilem
nōbilis, -e: noble, respected

confessorem
confessum, confessi n.: confession (Latham p.104)

sciscitans
sciscitor, -āri, -ātus sum: to ask; question; consult

si
sī conj.: if

dicta
dīco, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell
participle with absolucio



absolucio
absolutio, -ōnis, f.: absolution

esset
sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be
subjunctive in a present contrary to fact si clause



sufficiens
sufficiēns, -ientis adj.: sufficient, adequate

et
et conj.: and, also

legitima
lēgitimus, -a, -um: lawful, right; legitimate; real, genuine

Qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
refers to Ric.



respondit
rēspondĕo, -ēre, -di, -sum: to answer, respond

quod
quod conj.: that

sic
sīc adv: thus, yes
quod sic - This is a common answer to a question. It means “yes.” (Latham p.438)



Tunc
tunc adv.: then

idem
īdem, eadem, idem pron.: same

scissor
scissor, -ōris, m.: a tailor

transiuit
transeo, -īre, -īvi/-īi, -ītum: to go over, cross

ad
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

omnes
omnis, -e: all, every

ordines
ordo, ordinis, m.: religious order; order of monks
See Commentary note below line 54 ordines fratrum


fratrum
frāter, frātris, m.: brother, monk or clergyman

Eboꝝ 
Eborācum: the city of York.  The scribal notation ꝝ indicates -rum, the gen. pl.
this appears to be a shortened form of Eboracum, a Roman province which becomes York. The scribal notation ꝝ indicates -rum, the gen. pl. (York Museums Trust)
See Commentary note below line 54 Eboꝝ


et
et conj.: and, also

fecit
facio, -ere, fēci, factum: to make, do

fere
fērē adv.: almost; about, nearly

omnes
omnis, -e: all, every

predictas
praedictus, -a, -um: previously named, aforementioned

missas
missa, missae, f.: Mass

celebrari
celēbro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to celebrate, perform; frequent
passive infinitive in indirect statement after fecit



per                      
per prep.+acc: through
“by” as in an interval of time (Latham p.340)



duos                   
dŭŏ, dŭae, dŭŏ num. adj.: two

aut                      
aut conj.: or

tres                     
trēs, tria num.adj.: three

dies                   
diēs, -ēi, f.: day

et                        
et conj.: and, also

rediens               
redeo, -īre, -ivi/-ii, -itum: to return, go back

domum              
domus, -ūs, f.: house, dwelling
locative



fodit                   
fodio, -ere, fōdi, fossum: to dig, dig out

predictam           
praedictus, -a, -um: previously named, aforementioned

absolucionem
absolutio, -ōnis, f.: absolution
absolutionem. The original t may be changed to c in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



prout                 
prout conj.: as, just as; exactly as

sibi
-, sui, sibi, sē, sē pron. refl.: himself, herself, itself

fuerat                  
sum, esse, fui, futurum: to be

imperatum       
imperō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to order, command, levy; rule over

in                      
in prep.+abl.: in

sepulcro.           
sepulcrum, -i, n.: tomb, grave

Hiis                   
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this

vero                   
vērō, adv.: in truth, in fact, certainly, truly, to be sure

omnibus            
omnis, -e: all, every

rite                     
rīte adv.: duly, according to religious usage, religiously

completis           
compleō, -ēre, -plēvi, -plētum: to complete
hiis...completis - ablative absolute



venit                  
veniō, -īre, vēni, ventum: to come, arrive

domum,             
domus, -ūs, f.: house, dwelling

et                        
et conj.: and, also

quidam               
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain
quidam…hora: A neighbor of the tailor has heard about this quest and forces the tailor to let him come back to the spirit


presumptuosus 
praesumptŭōsus, -a, -um: presumptuous (Latham p. 370
praesumptuosus. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources).


vicinus               
vīcīnus, -i, m.: neighbor

eius                    
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this

audiens              
audiō, -īre, -īvi, -ītum: to hear, listen

quod                  
quod conj.: that
means “that.” Similar to setting up indirect statement without actually doing so



oportet               
oportet v. impers.: it is necessary (Latham p.323)
impersonal verb with ipsum as the subject



ipsum                 
ipse, ipsa, ipsum pron.: himself, herself, itself
subject of oportet, refers to the tailor



referre                 
referrō, -ferre, rettuli, relātum: to report, bring back

eidem                  
īdem, eadem, idem pron.: same

spiritui               
spīritus, -ūs m.: spirit, ghost

que                    
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, what, which
quae. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



gesserat             
gero, -ere, gessi, gestum: to bear, carry, wear

in                       
in prep. +abl.: in, at

Eboꝝ                   
Eborācum: the city of York.  The scribal notation ꝝ indicates -rum, the gen. pl.
this appears to be a shortened form of Eboracum, a Roman province which becomes York. The scribal notation ꝝ indicates -rum, the gen. pl.
See Commentary note below line 58 Eboꝝ


in                       
in prep. +abl.: in, at

tali
talis, -e: such; so great; so excellent; of such kind

nocte,                 
nox, noctis, f.: night

adiurauit            
adiūrō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to swear by, affirm with oath
subject is the neighbor



eum                    
is, ea, id pron.: he, she, it, this
refers to the tailor



dicens.                
dīco, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell

Absit                   
absit, interj.: God forbid! (Latham p.1)

quod                   
quod conj.: that

eas                      
eō, īre, īvi/īi, ītum: to go, walk
This is the second person singular present active subjunctive form of ĕō, īre, īvī or iī,
ĭtum. It is an optative subjunctive.


ad                       
ad prep.+acc.: to, toward

predictum           
praedictus, -a, -um: previously named, aforementioned
praedictum. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



spiritum             
spīritus, -ūs, m.: spirit, ghost

nisi                     
nisi conj.: unless, except

premunias          
praemŏnĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to forewarn, premonish (Latham p. 368)
praemunias. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



me                      
ego, mei, mihi, mē, mē pron. pers.: I, me

de                       
dē prep. +abl.: about, concerning

regressu             
regressus, -ūs, m.: a going back, return

tuo                     
tuus, tua, tuum adj. poss.: your

et                        
et conj.: and, also

de                      
dē prep. +abl.: about, concerning

die                      
diēs, -ēi, f.: day

et                        
et conj.: and, also

hora                
hōra, -ae, f.: hour, time

Qui                     
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which
This refers to the tailor, who is also the subject of premuniit and excitans.



taliter                  
tāliter adv.: in such a manner, so

constrictus         
constrictus, -a, -um: contracted

ne                       
nē conj.: lest, that not

displiceret          
displiceō, -ēre, -ui, -itum +dat.: to displease
See Commentary note below line 60-64


deo                     
deus, -i, m.: God
“to God,” dative with the verb displiceret



premuniit           
praemŏnĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to forewarn, premonish (Latham p. 368)
praemuniit. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


ipsum                 
ipse, ipsa, ipsum pron.: himself, herself, itself
refers to the neighbor



excitans             
excito, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to wake up, stir up
present active participle agreeing with the qui in the previous line



a                         
ā, ab prep.+abl.: from, away from

sompno              
somnus, -i, m.: sleep

et                        
et conj.: and, also

dixit                    
dīco, -ere, dixi, dictum: to say, speak, tell

Iam                     
iam adv.: now
The capitalization of this letter denotes the beginning of dialogue.



vado.                  
vādo, -ere, vāsi: to go, walk, advance; esp. to rush, hurry

Si                    
sī conj.: if

volueris          
vŏlo, velle, voluī : to want, to wish
subjunctive in a future less vivid si clause



mecum            
ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē: I, me   cum prep.+abl.: with

venire             
vĕnĭō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: to come

eamus             
ĕō, īre, īvī or iī, ĭtum: to go
hortatory subjunctive



et                    
ět conj.: and

dabo               
dō, dăre, dĕdī, dătum: to give, to hand over, to deliver

tibi                  
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.

partem            
pars, partis, f.: a part, piece, portion
See Commentary note below line 61 partem de scriptis


de                   
dē prep.+abl.: from, of

scriptis            
scriptum, -i, n.: writing, something written

meis                
mĕus, -a, -um: mine, my own

que                 
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what
quae. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



porto              
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum: to bring, carry, take

super              
sŭper prep.+acc.: over, upon
It appears that the period after this word is unnecessary. The propter here can be taken as “on account of.”



me                  
ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē: I, me

propter            
propter prep.+acc.: on account of, because of

timores           
tĭmor, -ōris, m.: fear, dread, apprehension, anxiety
See Commentary note below line 62 timores nocturnos


nocturnos       
nocturnus, -a, -um: belonging to the night

Cui                 
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
This is referring to the tailor who just finished speaking.



alter                
alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum: the other of two, one of two, the other

respondit        
rēspondĕo, -ēre, -di, -sum: to answer, to reply, to respond

Vis                  
vŏlo, velle, voluī: to want, to wish

tu                    
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.

quod               
quod conj.: that

eam                 
ĕō, īre, īvī or iī, ĭtum: to go
This is the first person singular present active subjunctive form of ĕō, īre, īvī or iī,
ĭtum. It is an optative subjunctive with the neighbor as the subject.



tecum             
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.   cum prep.+abl.: with

qui                  
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what
referring to the tailor



respondit        
rēspondĕo, -ēre, -di, -sum: to answer, to reply, to respond

Tu                  
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.   cum prep.+abl.: with

videris            
vĭdĕo, -ēre, vīdi, vīsum: to see, to perceive
optative subjunctive with the neighbor as the subject



ego                  
ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē: I, me

nolo                
nōlo, nolle, nōlŭi: to wish not, to be unwilling

precipere        
praecĭpĭo, -ere, -cēpī, ceptum: to advise, anticipate, order
praecipere. Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



tibi                  
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.
dative of advantage with precipere



Tunc               
tunc, adv. demonstr.: then, at that time

alter                
alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum: the other of two, one of two, the other

finaliter           
finaliter adv.: finally, purposefully

dixit                
dīco, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to say, tell, mention

Vadas             
vādo, -ere, vāsi: to go, walk; esp. to go hastily, to rush

ergo                
ergō adv.: therefore

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in

nomine           
nōmen, -ĭnis, n.: name, title

domini            
dŏmĭnus, -i, m.: master, Lord

et                    
ět conj.: and

deus                
děus, -i, m.: God

expediat          
expĕdĭo, -īre, -īvi or -ĭi, -ītum: to make ready, prepare, bring forward
jussive subjunctive



te                    
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē: you s.

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in

omnibus         
omnĭs, -e adj.: all, every

Quibus            
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that

dictis              
dīco, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to say, tell, mention
quibus dictis - ablative absolute summing up the previous sentences as a transition into this next sentence



venit               
vĕnĭō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: to come
subject is the tailor



ad                   
ad prep.+acc.: to, towards

locum             
lŏcus, -i,m.: a place, spot

constitutum    
constĭtūtus, -a, -um: arranged, established

et                    
ět conj.: and

fecit                
făcĭo, -ere, fēci, factum: to make
See Commentary note below line 64-67 fecit...Nazarenus


magnum          
magnus, -a, -um: great, large

circulum         
circŭlus, -i, m.: a circle
circulum crucis - this means “a circlet containing a cross” (Latham p.87)
See Commentary note below line 65 circulum crucis



crucis              
crux, -ŭcis, f.: cross

et                    
ět conj.: and

habuit             
hăbĕo, -ēre, -ŭi, -ĭtum: to hold, have, keep

super              
sŭper prep.+acc.: over, above, on the top of, upon, on

se                    
-, sŭi, sĭbi, sē, sē: reflex. pron.: -self, himself

quatuor           
quātŭor adj.: four

ewangelia        
ēvangĕlĭum, -ii, n.: good news, The Gospel
euangelia. The differences in spelling of certain words, particularly within the same work, may be due to words simply being written phonetically.
See Commentary note below line 65 ewangelia


et                    
ět conj.: and

alia                  
ălĭus, -a, -ud: another, other

sacra               
săcer, -cra, -crum: sacred

verba              
verbum, -i, n.: a word (pl.) language, conversation, discourse

et                    
ět conj.: and

stetit               
sto, -āre, stĕti, stătum: to stand still, remain standing

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in

medio             
mĕdĭus, -a, -um: middle

circuli             
circŭlus, -i, m.: a circle

ponens             
pōno, -ere, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum: to place, put, set

quatuor           
quātŭor adj.: four

monilia           
mŏnīle, -is, n.: a reliquary, where one would hold a relic
“reliquaries,” these objects would be worn on a person to hold relics of saint, or bore scripture passages (MRJ)
See Commentary note below line 66 monilia


in                    
in prep.+acc.: into, onto

modum           
mŏdus, -i, m.: a mode, method; in modum + gen.: in the manner of, like

crucis              
crux, -ŭcis, f.: cross

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in, on

fimbriis           
fimbrĭa, -ae, f.: fringe, border, edge

eiusdem          
īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem pron.: the same

circuli             
circŭlus, -i, m.: a circle

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in, on

quibus            
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that

monilibus       
mŏnīle, -is, n.: a reliquary, where one would hold a relic

inscripta         
inscrībō, -ere, -psī, -ptum: to write upon, to inscribe

erant               
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be

verba              
verbum, -i, n.: a word (pl.) language, conversation, discourse
verba salutifera - the subject of inscripta erant
See Commentary note below line 67 verba salutifera


salutifera        
sălūtĭfer, -fĕra, -fĕrum: healing, salvation-bringing

scilicet            
scīlīcet adv.: of course, naturally, certainly

Ihesus             
Jēsus, -u, m.: Jesus
Iesus, Jesus, nom. sg. The h is added; an i may change to j.



Nazarenus      
Nazărēnus, -i, m.: the Nazarene, i. e. Christ

etc.                 
ět cētĕra abb.: and so forth, literally “and the rest”
This is used as we would use it in English.



et                    
ět conj.: and

expectauit       
exspecto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to look out for a thing, await

aduentum       
advěntus, -ūs, m.: an approach, arrival

spiritus           
spīrĭtus, -ūs, m.: spirit, apparition, supernatural being
This is the spirit who appeared to the tailor at the beginning of the story.



eiusdem          
īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem pron.: the same

Qui                 
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
referring to the same spiritus mentioned earlier in the line



demum           
dēmum adv.: at length, at last, not till then

venit               
vĕnĭō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: to come

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in

figura              
fĭgūra, -ae, f.: a form, shape, figure

capre              
căprĕa, -ae, f.: a kind of wild she-goat, roe
Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. This is the genitive singular form of “caprea.” (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)



et                    
ět conj.: and

ter                   
těr adv.: three times, thrice

circa                
circā prep.+acc.: around, about

iuit
ĕō, īre, īvī or iī, ĭtum: to go

circulum         
circŭlus, -i, m.: a circle

prefatum        
praefātus, -a, -um: mentioned or stated before (post-class.)

dicendo           
dīco, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to say, tell, mention
ablative of manner, gerund modifying iuit



a                     
a interjection: ah! Indicates surprise, distress, or objection

a                     
a interjection: ah! Indicates surprise, distress, or objection

a                     
a interjection: ah! Indicates surprise, distress, or objection

qua                 
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that

coniurata        
conjūro, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to conjure, invoke
qua coniurata - ablative absolute referring to capre



cecidit             
cădo, -ere, cĕcĭdi, cāsum: to fall, drop, to sink

prona              
prōnus, -a, -um: leaning forward, bent, bending down
feminine agreeing with the subject of cecidit. The spirit is the subject, but since the last form it took was a she-goat, it is treated as feminine in this case.



in                    
in prep.+abl.: on

terra                
terra, -ae, f.: earth, land, ground

et                    
ět conj.: and

resurrexit        
rĕsurgo, -ere, surrexi, surrectum: to rise again, appear again

in                    
in prep.+abl.: in

figura              
fĭgūra, -ae, f.: a form, shape, figure

hominis          
hŏmo, -ĭnis, m.: man, human being

magne             
magnus, -a, -um: great, large

stature            
stătūra, -ae, f.: height or size of body
magne stature - Often in Medieval Latin, the original -ae contracts to -e. This is the genitive singular form of “magna statura,” and should read “magnae staturae.” (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


et                    
ět conj.: and

horribilis         
horrĭbĭlis, -e, adj.: terrible, fearful, horrible

et                    
ět conj.: and

macilenti         
măcĭlentus, -a, -um: lean, thin, meagre

ad                   
ad prep.+acc.: to, towards

instar              
instar, n. indecl.: a sketch, image, likeness

vnius              
ūnus, -a, -um: one, a single

regis                
rex, rēgis, m.: a ruler, king

mortui            
mortŭus, -a, -um: dead
See Commentary note below line 71 mortui depicti


depicti            
dēpingo, -ere, -xi, -ctum: to depict, portray, paint, represent by painting

Et                   
ět conj.: and

sciscitatus      
sciscĭtor, -ārī, -ātus sum: to ask, inquire, question
perfect passive participle referring to the tailor



si                    
sī conj.: if

labor               
lăbor, -ōris, m.: work, toil, labor

eius                 
is, ĕa, id pron.: he, she, it, they
referring to the tailor



aliqualiter       
ălĭquāliter adv.: somehow

proficeret       
prōfĭcĭo, -ere, -fēci, -fectum: to advance, gain ground, make progress

ei                    
is, ĕa, id pron.: he, she, it, they
referring to the tailor



respondit        
rēspondĕo, -ēre, -di, -sum: to answer, to reply, to respond

Laudetur         
laudo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to praise, commend, laud
The capitalization of this letter denotes the beginning of a direct quotation by the spirit. It is a jussive subjunctive.


deus                
děus, -i, m.: god

quod               
quod conj.: that
quod sic - this is a common answer to a question. It means “yes” (Latham p.438)



sic                   
sīc adv.: so, thus, in this manner

et                    
ět conj.: and

steti                
sto, -āre, stĕti, stătum: to stand still, remain standing
See Commentary note below line 72 steti ad dorsum...timuisti


ad                   
ad prep.+acc.: to, towards

dorsum           
dorsum, -i, n.: the back

hora                
hōra, -ae, f.: hour
See Commentary note below line 72 hora nona


nona               
nōnus, -a, -um: ninth

quando            
quando indef adv.: when

infodisti          
infŏdĭo, -ere, -fōdi, -fossum: to dig in, bury in the earth

absolucionem 
absolutio, -ōnis, f.: absolution
absolutionem. The original t may be changed to c in Medieval Latin. (Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources)


meam              
mĕus, -a, -um: my, mine