Glossary and Notes for Story XI
click on words in Latin text
De
dē, prep.+abl.: concerning, about
opere
opus, operis, n.: work, labor, toil
dei
deus, dei, m.: god
See Commentary note below line 1 De opera dei mirando
mirando
mīrandus, -a, -um: which is to be wondered or marveled at
a gerundive, but used so much as an adjective in Latin, it should be translated as a substantive adjective in this place, “wonderful thing”
qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
vocat
voco, -āre, -āvi, -atum: to call
ea
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing
que
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
Medieval Latin often time truncates ae to just e, and that is what happened in this story. All of the “que”s seen are actually “quae”s, the neuter nominative plural, translating as “which do not exist”
non
nōn, adv.: not
sunt
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
tanquam
tanquam, adv.: as much as, so as
ea
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing
que
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
Medieval Latin often time truncates ae to just e, and that is what happened in this story. All of the “que”s seen are actually “quae”s, the neuter nominative plural, translating as “which do not exist”
sunt
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
potest
possum, posse, potui: to be able
facere
făcĭo, facere, fēci, factum: to do, make
quando
quando, conj.: when, at what time
quicquid
quicquid, quidquid, pron. rel.: whoever, whosoever, whatever
vult
vŏlo, velle, volui: to wish, want, desire
de
dē, prep.+abl.: concerning, about
quodam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain, a certain one
miro
mīrus, -a, -um: wonderful, amazing, awesome
Est
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
take with comendatum, “it is entrusted”
memorie
mĕmoria, -ae, f.: memory, remembrance
Medieval Latin often truncates ae to just e, and this has happened here, memorie is the dative singular of memoria.
comendatum
commendo, -are, -avi, -atum: to deposit with, entrust to
quidam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain, a certain one
homo
homo, hominis, m.: man, human
Clyueland
Clyueland, indecl.?, m.: The Cleveland Hills
appears to be indeclinable, take it with the preposition immediately preceding; ablative object of the preposition de See Commentary note below line 5 Clyueland
cognomine
cognōmen, -ĭnis, n.: a name
"with the surname"
Ricardus
Ricardus, -i, m.: Richard
nominative singular
Rountre
Rountre, indecl.: Rountre, surname meaning “lives in the trees”
appears to be indeclinable
See Commentary note below line 5 Ricardus Rountre
relinquens
rĕlinquo, -ere, -līqui, -lictum: to leave behind
vxorem
uxor, uxoris, f.: wife, spouse
suam
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
grauidam
grăvĭdus, -a, -um, adj.: pregnant, with child, with young
ibat
eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum: to go
tumbam
tumba, -ae, f.: a sepulchral mound, a sepulchre, tomb
sancti
sanctus, -a, -um, adj.: sacred, saintly
Iacobi
Iacobus, -i, m.: James, in this case “Sanctus Jacobus” is Saint James
See Commentary note below line 6 tumban sancti Iacobi
aliis
ălĭus, -a, -ud, adj.: another, other
quam pluribus
quam plus, quam pluris, adj.: very many
quam and plures together mean “many,” so this means “with many”; the entire phrase cum aliis quam pluribus should be translated as “with many others”
qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
quadam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain, a certain one
pernoctabant
pernocto, -āre, -āvi: to stay all night long, to pass the night
quadam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain, a certain one
silua
silva, silvae, f.: the woods, forest
viam
via, viae, f.: road, way, path
regiam
rēgĭus, -a, -um, adj.: of or belonging to a king, kingly, royal, regal
hinc
hinc, adv.: hence, therefore
est
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
quod
quod conj.: because
means "that" here and introduces a dependent clause
quilibet
quīlĭbet, quaelibet, quodlibet, pron. indef.: anyone who will, all
although quilibet means “anyone” it is singular and is the subject of vigilabat; in this sense “anyone who will”
illorum
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that; he, she, it
refers to the people who traveled with Richard Rowntree, as well as Richard himself
vigilabat
vĭgĭlo, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to keep watch, to be wakeful
per
per, prep.+acc.: through, throughout, all over, all along
quoddam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain, a certain one
spacium
spacium, spacii, n.: space
propter
propter, conj.: on account of
timorem
timor, -oris, m.: fear
nocturnum
nocturnus, -a, -um, adj.: nocturnal
See Commentary note below line 9 timorem nocturum
ceteri
cētĕrus , -a, -um, adj.: the other, the other part
securius
sēcūrius, comp.adv.: more securely, more safely
the comparative adverb form of securus, meaning “more freely”
dormiebant
dormĭo, -īre, -īvi or -ii, -ītum: to sleep
Contigit
contingo, -ere, -tĭgi, -tactum: to happen
simply means “it happened” the following quod introduces the rest of the sentence
quod
quod conj.: that
illa
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that; he, she, it
noctis
nox, noctis, f.: night
genitive of description, the man is the watchman “of the night”
qua
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
prefatus
prefatus, -a, -um, adj.: aforesaid
homo
homo, hominis, m.: man, human
fuit
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
custos
custos, -ōdis, m.: a guard
vigil
vĭgil, -ĭlis, m.: a watchman, sentinel
audiebat
audio, audire, audivi, auditum: to hear
magnum
magnus, -a, -um, adj.: great
sonitum
sŏnĭtus, -ūs, m.: sound
transiencium
transĕo, -īre, -īvi or -ĭi, -ĭtum: to go over, to cross over, pass over
per
per, prep.+acc.: by means of
regalem
rēgālis, -e adj.: of or belonging to a king, kingly, royal, regal.
aliqui
ălĭqui, aliqua, aliquod, indef. adj.: some, any
See Commentary note below line 12 et aliqui sedebant
sedebant
sĕdeo, sedēre, sēdi, sessum: to sit
equitabant
ĕquĭto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to ride.
super
sŭper, prep.+acc.: over, above, on the top of, upon, on.
quidam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain, a certain one
super
sŭper, prep.+acc.: over, above, on the top of, upon, on.
alia
ălĭus, -a, -ud, adj.: another, other
animalia
ănĭmăl, -ālis, n.: an animal
vniuersa
ūnĭversus, -a, -um, adj.: all together, whole, entire
pecora
pĕcus, pecŏris, n.: cattle, as a collective, a herd
que
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
Medieval Latin often times truncates ae to just e, and that is what happened in this story. All of the "que"s seen are actually "quae"s
fuerunt
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
sua
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
mortuaria
mortŭārĭum, -i, n.: receptacle for the dead, mortuary
quando
quando, conj.: when, at what time
moriebantur
mŏrĭor, moriri, mortŭus sum: to die
vidit
vĭdĕo, -ēre, vīdi, vīsum: to see, pass. to seem
subject is Richard Rowntree
quasi
quăsĭ, adv.: as if, just as,
paruulum
parvŭlus, -a, -um, adj.: dim. parvus, very small, little, petty, slight
diminutive of parvus, translate as "very small"
volutantem
vŏlūto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to roll, turn, twist, or tumble about
quadam
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pron. indef.: a certain, a certain one
caliga
călĭga, -ae, f: sock, hose, stocking (Latham)
See Commentary note below line 16 caliga
super
sŭper, prep.+acc.: over, above, on the top of, upon, on.
terram
terra, terrae, f.: earth, land, ground
coniurauit
conjūrō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to conjure, to call on or entreat solemnly, especially by an oath
Richard Rowntree conjured this very small thing rolling
ipsum
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, pron. demonstr.: very, just, precisely, in person
Quis
quis, quid, inter. pronoun: who? what?
capitalized because it begins a direct quote of speech
esset
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
pluperfect subjunctive, “would have been” literally, but he is asking the rolling baby, and it might be more appropriate to ask “Who were you”
et
et conj.: and
quare
quārē interrog.adv.: for what reason? why? wherefore?
volutasset
vŏlūto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to roll, turn, twist, or tumble about
pluperfect subjunctive, "would have rolled"
Respondit
rēspondĕo, -āre, -di, -sum: to respond, answer, reply
Non
nōn, adv.: not
capitalized because it begins a direct quote of speech
oportet
ŏportet, -ŭit: it is necessary, needful, proper, becoming
coniurare is complementing oportet, te must be the subject, as the ghost is speaking and only the living can conjure the dead, therefore me must be the object.
te
tū, tūi, tibi, tē, tē, prounoun: you
me
ĕgo, mei, mihi, mē, mē: I, me
coniurare
conjūrō, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to conjure, to call on or entreat solemnly, especially by an oath
enim
ĕnim, conj.: for, indeed, truly
eras
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
pater
pater, patris, m.: father
meus
meus, mea, meum, adj.: my
ego
ĕgo, mei, mihi, mē, mē: I, me
tuus
tuus, tua, tuum, adj.: your
abortiuus
ăbortĭuus, -a, -um, adj.: miscarried, aborted
baptismo
baptismus, -i, m.: Christian baptism
See Commentary note below line 18 sine baptismo
absque
absque prep+abl.: without
nomine
nōmen, -ĭnis, n.: a name
sepelitus
sĕpĕlĭo, -īre, -pelīvi, -pultum: to bury, inter, perf. part = sepelitus
irregular perfect passive participle from sepelio, modifies ego
Quo
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
audito
audĭo, -īre, -īvi, -itum: to hear, listen
quo audito - ablative absolute, literally “with that having been heard;” translation could be the literal or “when that was heard”
isdem
īdem, ĕădem, ĭdem pron.: the same
peregrinus
pĕrĕgrīnus, -i m.: foreigner, traveler
exuit
exŭo, -ere, -ŭi, -ūtum: to pull/strip off, put off (an article of clothing)
se
-, sŭi, sĭbi, sē, sē: reflex. pron.: -self, himself
ablative, meaning "from himself"; Richard is taking off his own shirt
suam
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
camisiam
camĭsĭa, -ae, f.: a linen shirt or night-gown
induit
indŭo, ĕre, ŭi, ūtum: to put on (an article of clothing)
puerulum
pŭĕrŭlus, -i, m.: dim. puer, a little boy,
suum
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
imponens
impōno, -ere, -pŏsŭi, -pŏsĭtum: to put, set, or give to
ei
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing
referring to the ghost baby, Richard is giving "to him" a name
nomen
nōmen, -ĭnis, n.: a name
nomine
nōmen, -ĭnis, n.: a name
sancte
sanctus, -a, -um, adj.: holy
in Medieval Latin, often ae is truncated to just e, and this is what has happened here, sancte is actually sanctae and is referring to Trinitatis, meaning “of the Holy Trinity”
Trinitatis
Trīnĭtas, -ātis, f.: the Trinity
See Commentary note below lines 20-21 induit...Trinitatis
tulit
fero, ferre, tuli, latum: to carry, bear
secum
-, sŭi, sĭbi, sē, sē: reflex. pron.: -self, himself cum prep.+abl.: with
illam
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that; he, she, it
veterem
vetus, veteris, adj.: old, aged
caligam
călĭga, -ae, f.: sock, hose, stocking (Latham)
testimonium
testĭmōnĭum, -ii, n.: witness, evidence, attestation, testimony
huius
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this
rei
rēs, rei, f.: thing, matter
Qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
referring to the ghost baby, “the certain infant who having been so named…”
quidem
quidem, adv.: indeed
infans
infans, -fantis, m. or f.: a young child, infant, baby
taliter
tālĭter, adv.: in such wise, in such sort, so
nominatus
nōmĭnatus, -a, -um: named
vehementer
vĕhĕmenter, adv.: eagerly, impetuously, ardently, violently
exultabat
exulto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to leap or jump up, to move freely, to exult
de cetero
de cetero, adv.: finally, henceforth (Mantello 189)
iuit
eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum: to go
pedibus
pes, pedis, m.: foot
literally “with his own feet,” likely means “on his own feet” with the baptism having been completed and the sock/boot taken off (see historical commentary for more on the meaning of caliga) the baby, now also clothed, can stand on his own feet and walk with the rest of the procession
suis
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
erectus
ērectus, -a, -um, adj.: erected, excited, built
qui
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
super
sŭper, prep.+acc.: over, above, on the top of, upon, on.
terram
terra, terrae, f.: earth, land, ground
antea
antĕā, adv.: before, formerly
volutabat
vŏlūto, -āre, -āvi, -ātum: to roll, turn, twist, or tumble about
Completa
complĕtus, -a, -um, adj.: filled, complete, perfect
completa vero peregrinacione - ablative absolute
vero
vero, adv.: truly, actually
peregrinacione
pĕrĕgrīnātĭo, -ōnis, f.: a being or living abroad, a sojourning, travel
fecit
făcĭo, -ere, fēci, factum: to prepare, make
conuiuium
convīvĭum, -ii, n.: a social feast, a banquet
See Commentary note below line 25 conuiuium vicinis
vicinis
vīcīnus, -i, m.: a neighbor
Richard has a feast “for his own neighbors” once he returns to England from his pilgrimage
suis
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
peciit
pĕto, -ere, -ĭi, -ītum: to demand, beseech
Richard is the subject, "he demanded"
ab
a, ab, prep.+ abl.: from
vxore
uxor, uxoris, f.: wife, spouse
in Medieval Latin, the v and u are often times interchangeable, so vxore is actually uxore, and this whole phrase means “from his wife”
sua
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
feminine ablative singular and modifies vxore
caligas
călĭga, -ae, f.: sock, hose, stocking (Latham)
suas
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
Que
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
Medieval Latin often time truncates ae to just e, and that is what happened in this story. All of the “que”s seen are actually “quae”s
ostendit
ostendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to show, express, indicate
vnam
unus, -a, -um, num. adj.: one
alteram
alter, -tĕra, -tĕrum, adj.: one of two, the other of two
inuenit
invĕnĭo, -īre, -vēni, -ventum: to come upon; to find, meet with
caligam
călĭga, -ae, f.: sock, hose, stocking (Latham)
Tunc
tunc, adv.: then, at that time
maritus
mărītus, -i, m.: husband, spouse
suus
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
ostendit
ostendo, -ere, -di, -sum: to show, express, indicate
illi
ille, illa, illud pron. demonstr.: that; he, she, it
refers to Richard Rowntree’s wife, he is showing the other sock to her
caligam
călĭga, -ae, f.: sock, hose, stocking (Latham)
quo
qui, quae, quod rel. pron.: who, which, what, that
inuoluebatur
involvo, -ere, -vi, -ūtum: to roll to or upon, to cover, envelope
hoc
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this
ablative singular, “at this;” Richard’s wife is amazed at the sight of the lost sock/boot
mirabatur
mīror, -āri, -ātus sum: to wonder at, to be amazed
Obstetricibus
obstētrix, -īcis, f.: a midwife
obstrecibus autem confitentibus - ablative absolute
autem
autem, conj.: moreover, however
confitentibus
confĭtĕor, -eri, -fessus sum: to acknowledge, confess, own, avow
veritatem
vērĭtas, -ātis, f.: truth, truthfulness, verity
de
dē, prep.+abl.: concerning, about
sepultura
sĕpultūra, -ae, f.: a burial, interment, funeral obsequies, sepulture
predicta
predictus, -a, -um, adj.: predicted, foretold, aforementioned
caliga
călĭga, -ae, f.: sock, hose, stocking (Latham)
fiebat
fīo, fĭĕri, factus sum: to be made, to happen, to be done
diuorcium
dīvortĭum, -ii, n.: a divorce, separation
in Medieval Latin, sometimes v and u are interchangeable, and the same goes with c and t. In diuorcium, both have happened; the Latin is usually divortium, but has been changed in this story
See Commentary note below line 30 diuorcium
inter
inter prep.+acc.: between
maritum
mărītus, -i, m.: husband, spouse
vxorem
uxor, uxoris, f.: wife, spouse
eius
is, ĕa, id, pron. demonstr.: he, she, it; this or that man, woman, thing
fuit
sum, esse, fŭi, futurum: to be
the subject is Richard Rowntree, the father of the ghost baby, who is also his godfather
compater
compater, -tris, m.: godfather
sui
sŭus, -a, -um possess. adj.: his, her, its, their (own)
taliter
tālĭter, adv.: in such wise, in such sort, so
abortiui
ăbortĭuus, -a, -um, adj.: miscarried, aborted
credo
crēdo, -ere, -dĭdi, -dĭtum: to believe
hoc
hīc, haec, hōc pron. demonstr.: this
diuorcium
dīvortĭum, -ii, n.: a divorce, separation
displicuit
displĭceo, -ēre, -ui, -itum: to displease
valde
valdē, adv.: strongly, vehemently